First Aid for Epileptic Seizures

What is Epileptic

Epileptic seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that temporarily disrupt normal neurological function. They result from abnormal, excessive neuronal activity and can cause changes in behavior, movement, awareness, or sensation.

Key Characteristics

• Sudden onset: Occur without warning (though some people experience an aura beforehand).

• Brief duration: Typically last a few seconds to minutes.

• Variable symptoms: Depend on which part of the brain is affected.

How to give first aid when an epileptic seizure occurs

1. Stay Calm & Time the Seizure

• Most seizures last 1-2 minutes. Call emergency services if:
  • Seizure lasts >5 minutes
  • Repeated seizures occur
  • Injury/difficulty breathing occurs
  • It's the person's first seizure

2. Protect from Injury

• Cushion the head (use clothing or soft material)

• Clear hard/sharp objects from surroundings

• Do not restrain movement

3. Position Safely

• Gently roll the person onto their recovery position (side-lying) after jerking stops

• Loosen tight clothing (especially around neck)

4. Never

• Put anything in the mouth (risk of choking/injury)

• Offer food/water until fully alert

• Attempt CPR unless breathing stops after seizure

5. Post-Seizure Care

• Stay until fully conscious (confusion is common)

• Explain what happened calmly

• Allow rest (exhaustion often follows)

Note: For absence seizures (staring spells), simply guide the person from danger and monitor.